Algoritmos de abiogênese e seleção natural

Desde o seu início, a Terra tem representado uma esfera abafada e quente sem vida. Após 4,5 bilhões de anos, a fauna e a flora foram representadas por numerosas formas de organismos vivos, continuando a evoluir no nível molecular. Neste trabalho, tentaremos penetrar nas placas tectônicas da história, camada por camada, nos aprofundaremos na descrição dos algoritmos iniciais das reações químicas e responderemos à pergunta: “De onde, em que quantidade e de onde surgiram as moléculas orgânicas complexas que percorreram um longo caminho de evolução para os seres vivos? " Para conter a ordem da seleção evolutiva, será necessária uma base teórica sólida para promover a logística do raciocínio e da descrição estatística.

---

Prólogo: estrutura e organização da mídia

, , . () — , , , () — , , . , . , , (. 1). , , [3]. 

, , - , ₅H₁₀O_{5 5}H₁₀O₄. , .

1.

, , (P-O-P ) (₂), .

---

:

, 4 , , . [1]. , (), [2]. , :

1. (₂) 

   
   
   
   
   

2. (₄) 

   
   
   
   
   

3. (NH₃)

   
   
   
   
   

4. (N₂) 

   
   
   
   
   

5. (₂) 

   
   
   
   
   

6. (CO)

   
   
   
   
   

7. (₂O)  

   
   
   
   
   

8. * (₂S) 

   
   
   
   
   

9. * (SO₂)

   
   
   
   
   

* , , .

---

: —

XX . . . , , [4]. . . . , , . , , , , [5]. .

• CO₂ → CO + [O] ( ) 

  
  
  
  
  

• CH₄ + 2[O] → CH₂O () + H₂O 

  
  
  
  
  

• CH₄ + NH₃ → HCN ( ) + 3H₂ 

  
  
  
  
  

, , , — , . ( 1) . , . , — . , [1]. , - — [6]. , — . , , .

---

:

, , — . , — . , , . , .

, [10]. , , . . 

, . , . . , [1].

. - . [11]. .   , — , [12]. 

---

:

, , , . . , , . . , . , , , .

, 5/6- , , . [18][19], , . , , [15], , :

1. , ; 

   
   
   
   
   

2. ; 

   
   
   
   
   

3. , ; 

   
   
   
   
   

4. , , ; 

   
   
   
   
   

5. ; 

   
   
   
   
   

6. ; 

   
   
   
   
   

7. , . 

   
   
   
   
   

---

: —

2008 60 . 80° , . , , , [16]. , , . , (. 2). , , — [17].

2009 , . [20]. (. 3). 

, , 3 , . , : , , . 

, , . -. — -. 

, -. , . . . , , . .

---

:

XX . , , . « ». , , . , — [7]. . , — , .

---

:

. - 50-100 . , , , . , — [21]. . , . [22], . 

, . — -, « » [9]. , , . , , .

---

:

, , , [1]. : 

1. . 

   
   
   
   
   

2. , . 

   
   
   
   
   

3. . 

   
   
   
   
   

, . , , . . - [23] , ( 1), .

---

:

. - . , , — [27]. () , () — [28]. , , [29]. , — . , [30][31]. 

, , , , «» [32]. , , .

---

:

- ? , . — , . , , [7]. . , . — [24]. , . 

, , . , , . 2014 « » [8]. 

, . , — . . , , [25].

---

:

, - . , , [26]. , , .

, : -, - [1]. . , . , — .

---

:

— . , . . , — . 

, . . , [34].

2015 (. 4). , , , . (deep-sea Archaea group) [35]. , , . , : , , , . 

, , . . , [1]. , , , . , . , . , , [22].

---

:

. . . . . . , . , .

: « ».

---

:

1 — : « . »;

2 — : « »;

3 — KhanAcademy: «. »;

4 — : « »;

5 — Organic compound synthesis on the primitive earth // Science — July 1959: vol. 130, no. 3370;

6 — KhanAcademy: «»;

7 — : « . »;

8 — A semi-synthetic organism with an expanded genetic alphabet // Nature, 2014, advance online publication;

9 — Physico-chemical and evolutionary constraints for the formation and selection of first biopolymers: towards the consensus paradigm of the abiogenic origin of life // Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2007, vol. 4;

10 — α-Hydroxy and α-Amino Acids Under Possible Hadean, Volcanic Origin-of-Life Conditions // Science — October 2006: vol. 314, no. 5799;

11 — On the origin of life in the zinc world: 1. Photosynthesizing, porous edifices built of hydrothermally precipitated zinc sulfide as cradles of life on Earth // Biol. Direct, 4 (2009);

12 — An Origin-of-Life Reactor to Simulate Alkaline Hydrothermal Vents // J. Mol. Evol., 79, (2014);

13 — On the origin of life in the zinc world. 2. Validation of the hypothesis on the photosynthesizing zinc sulfide edifices as cradles of life on Earth // Biol. Direct, 4 (2009);

14 — KhanAcademy: «»;

15 — Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 109 (2012);

16 — Lost City ;

17 — : « »;

18 — : « »;

19 — : « »;

20 — Synthesis of activated pyrimidine ribonucleotides in prebiotically plausible conditions // Nature — May 2009: vol. 459;

21 — : « »;

22 — : « »;

23 — : « »;

24 — The origin of viruses // Research in Microbiology, 2009, vol. 160;

25 — The two ages of the RNA world, and the transition to the DNA world: a story of viruses and cells // Biochimie, 2005, vol. 87;

26 — : « : - »;

27 — KhanAcademy: « »;

28 — : « »;

29 — KhanAcademy: «»;

30 — : « . »;

31 — KhanAcademy: « »;

32 — - // , 2015. . 80. . 5;

33 — KhanAcademy: « »;

34 — Complex archaea that bridge the gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes // Nature advance online publication (2015);

35 — Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity // Nature, advance online publication (2017);

36 - KhanAcademy: seção Vida na Terra e no Universo .