O que acontece quando você executa o teste manage.py?

A tradução do artigo foi preparada especialmente para alunos do curso Python Web-Developer .


Você executa os testes com um comando manage.py test, mas sabe o que está acontecendo nos bastidores? Como o executor de teste funciona e como ele posiciona os pontos E e F na tela?

Conforme você aprende como o Django funciona, você descobrirá muitos casos de uso, como alteração de cookies, configuração de cabeçalhos globais e solicitações de registro. Da mesma forma, depois de entender como os testes funcionam, você pode personalizar processos para, por exemplo, carregar testes em uma ordem diferente, configurar parâmetros de teste sem um arquivo separado ou bloquear solicitações HTTP de saída.

Neste artigo, veremos a personalização vital da saída de seus testes, bem como alterar o estilo de exibição dos resultados do teste de pontos e letras para emoji.

, , .

. :

from django.test import TestCase


class ExampleTests(TestCase):
    def test_one(self):
        pass

:

$ python manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

, , , -v 3:

$ python manage.py test -v 3
Creating test database for alias 'default' ('file:memorydb_default?mode=memory&cache=shared')...
Operations to perform:
  Synchronize unmigrated apps: core
  Apply all migrations: (none)
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
  Creating tables...
    Running deferred SQL...
Running migrations:
  No migrations to apply.
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
test_one (example.core.tests.test_example.ExampleTests) ... ok

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.004s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default' ('file:memorydb_default?mode=memory&cache=shared')...

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Django unittest

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«test»

, , — , Django manage.py test. django.core.management.commands.test.

, – 100 . handle() TestRunner. :

def handle(self, *test_labels, **options):
    TestRunner = get_runner(settings, options['testrunner'])
    ...
    test_runner = TestRunner(**options)
    ...
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
    ...

.

TestRunner? Django, . , , Django – django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner. .

DiscoverRunner

DiscoverRunner – . , , - .

- :

class DiscoverRunner:
    """A Django test runner that uses unittest2 test discovery."""

    test_suite = unittest.TestSuite
    parallel_test_suite = ParallelTestSuite
    test_runner = unittest.TextTestRunner
    test_loader = unittest.defaultTestLoader

(, )

, . , – unittest.

, test_runner, , «test runner» — DiscoverRunner Django TextTestRunner unittest. DiscoverRunner , TextTestRunner, . , Django DiscoverRunner -, , TestCoordinator, . 

DiscoverRunner runtests(). , run_tests() :

def run_tests(self, test_labels, extra_tests=None, **kwargs):
    self.setup_test_environment()
    suite = self.build_suite(test_labels, extra_tests)
    databases = self.get_databases(suite)
    old_config = self.setup_databases(aliases=databases)
    self.run_checks(databases)
    result = self.run_suite(suite)
    self.teardown_databases(old_config)
    self.teardown_test_environment()
    return self.suite_result(suite, result)

. , :

  • setup_databases() . , , get_databases(), SimpleTestCases , Django . migrate.

  • run_checks() .

  • run_suite() , .

  • teardown_databases() .

, :

  • setup_test_environment() teardown_test_environment() , .

  • suite_result() .

, . Django. unittest - build_suite() run_suite().

.

buildsuite()

buildsuite() «suite». , , :

def build_suite(self, test_labels=None, extra_tests=None, **kwargs):
    suite = self.test_suite()
    test_labels = test_labels or ['.']

    for label in test_labels:
        tests = self.test_loader.loadTestsFromName(label)
        suite.addTests(tests)

    if self.parallel > 1:
        suite = self.parallel_test_suite(suite, self.parallel, self.failfast)

    return suite

, , , DiscoverRunner:

  • test_suite - unittest, .

  • parallel_test_suite - , Django.

  • test_loaderunittest, .

runsuite()

DiscoverRunner, – run_suite(). , , :

def run_suite(self, suite, **kwargs):
    kwargs = self.get_test_runner_kwargs()
    runner = self.test_runner(**kwargs)
    return runner.run(suite)

– test runner . unittest, . unittest.TextTestRunner - test runner , , , XML- CI-. 

, TextTestRunner.

TextTestRunner

unittest - . :

class TextTestRunner(object):
    """A test runner class that displays results in textual form.
    It prints out the names of tests as they are run, errors as they
    occur, and a summary of the results at the end of the test run.
    """
    resultclass = TextTestResult

    def __init__(self, ..., resultclass=None, ...):

( )

DiscoverRunner, . TextTestResult . DiscoverRunner, resultclass, TextTestRunner._init_().

- . .

, :

, , , DiscoverRunner. , , .

Django :

– , DiscoverRunner. DiscoverRunner unittest , , .

Test Runner

, . DiscoverRunner runtests(), super():

# example/test.py
from django.test.runner import DiscoverRunner


class SuperFastTestRunner(DiscoverRunner):
    def run_tests(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print("All tests passed! A+")
        failures = 0
        return failures

:

TEST_RUNNER = "example.test.SuperFastTestRunner"

manage.py test, !

$ python manage.py test
All tests passed! A+

, !

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, TextTestResult unittest . DiscoverRunner, resultclass TextTestRunner.

Django resultclass, , --debug-sql option, .

 DiscoverRunner.run_suite() TextTestRunner DiscoverRunner.get_test_runner_kwargs():

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def get_test_runner_kwargs(self):
    return {
        'failfast': self.failfast,
        'resultclass': self.get_resultclass(),
        'verbosity': self.verbosity,
        'buffer': self.buffer,
    }

get_resultclass(), , (--debug-sql --pdb):

def get_resultclass(self):
    if self.debug_sql:
        return DebugSQLTextTestResult
    elif self.pdb:
        return PDBDebugResult

, None, TextTestResult resultclass. None TextTestResult:

class EmojiTestRunner(DiscoverRunner):
    def get_resultclass(self):
        klass = super().get_resultclass()
        if klass is None:
            return EmojiTestResult
        return klass

EmojiTestResult TextTestResult . , :

class EmojiTestResult(unittest.TextTestResult):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # If the "dots" style was going to be used, show emoji instead
        self.emojis = self.dots
        self.dots = False

    def addSuccess(self, test):
        super().addSuccess(test)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write('✅')
            self.stream.flush()

    def addError(self, test, err):
        super().addError(test, err)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write('?')
            self.stream.flush()

    def addFailure(self, test, err):
        super().addFailure(test, err)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write('❌')
            self.stream.flush()

    def addSkip(self, test, reason):
        super().addSkip(test, reason)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write("⏭")
            self.stream.flush()

    def addExpectedFailure(self, test, err):
        super().addExpectedFailure(test, err)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write("❎")
            self.stream.flush()

    def addUnexpectedSuccess(self, test):
        super().addUnexpectedSuccess(test)
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.write("✳️")
            self.stream.flush()

    def printErrors(self):
        if self.emojis:
            self.stream.writeln()
        super().printErrors()

TEST_RUNNER EmojiTestRunner, :

$ python manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
?❎❌⏭✅✅✅✳️

...

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 8 tests in 0.003s

FAILED (failures=1, errors=1, skipped=1, expected failures=1, unexpected successes=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

!

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