Olá de novo! Na última postagem, começamos a olhar para o processo de gerenciamento de dependências em JavaScript, classificando o básico: o que é um pacote npm, como o manifesto do pacote se parece, em quais campos as dependências são escritas e, em princípio, o que é uma árvore de dependências, bem como os fundamentos do controle de versão semântico (semver). Se você perdeu o post anterior , recomendo começar com ele.

semver, , .

npm shell autocomplete

npm . , shell.

, :

• Bash:

  
  
  

  npm completion >> ~/.bashrc
  source ~/.bashrc

  
  
  

• Z shell:

  
  
  

  npm completion >> ~/.zshrc
  source ~/.zshrc

  
  
  

shell- . , : npm smth… [TAB], shell .

, npm ( package.json). , npm init. .

: npm init -y, . npm , .

npm init, (npm initializers). boilerplate-.

: npm init <initializer>, <initializer> — (: esm react-app).

— npm- create-, npm registry . , .

React- create-react-app: npm init react-app -- my-react-app. CLI, npm init , . React, , , , , ( : my-react-app).

registry. , — npm registry. .

, : dependencies, devDependencies, peerDependencies optionalDependencies. : npm install <package-name> : npm i <package-name>.

: npm i lodash.

lodash dependencies .

: npm i lodash express passport.

install :

• -P, --save-prod
  
  dependencies ( )
• -D, --save-dev
  
  devDependencies
• -O, --save-optional
  
  optionalDependencies

peerDependencies, . . npm . , dependencies npm install, peerDependencies, ( IDE npm).

, , npm , . . : ( Git).

npm install , . . : .

- , «@»:

• npm i lodash@3.9.2
• npm i lodash@3

. .

, , , git clone?

npm install npm i , npm , .

:

• --only=prod[uction]
• --only=dev[elopment]

, , , Node.js, .

. npm : npm ls.

: npm ls [<package-name>], <package-name> , .

, ( , ):

npm ls .

, «» , : npm ls lodash.

lodash npm ls lodash.

, npm ls depth. :

npm ls --depth=0

, .

dev prod , dependencies devDependencies:

• npm ls --dev[elopment]
• npm ls --prod[uction]

json , npm , . ( ):

npm ls --json

npm (semver). : , 1.2.3 1.2.4 (patch update) 1.3.0 (minor update), , . . semver . 1.2.3 2.0.0 , (changelog) , , , , .

, semver , , - patch minor ( , ).



, , , , , ( ).

semver . , npm : patch, minor .

package.json :

{
  "dependencies": {
    "lodash": "^4.17.17"
  }
}

«^» (caret, hat «») semver. , lodash , 5.0.0, . . patch minor , .

, semver, npm, 99% ( npm ), . . .

, , . , . . , :

{
  "dependencies": {
    "lodash": "4.17.17"
  }
}

, lodash 4.17.17, , .

:

• , , , — ,
• , , ( ). , , .

.

, — ( ). , . . , .

, , , . npm outdated .

npm outdated , .

:

npm outdated , , depth , npm , :

npm outdated --depth=10

:

npm outdated --depth=9999

npm npm update.

npm registry semver . registry ( semver), , , . , semver, . . npm update , .

: lodash: ^4.16.4. npm update , 4.17.19, : ^4.17.19.

npm outdated, npm update depth , . , :

npm update --depth=9999

( ) . , .

npm-check

npm outdated npm update npm-check.

:

npm i -g npm-check

, , . , semver, , . : - . !

npm-check : , .

npm-check, : , .

— npm-check , - :

npm-check , lodash .

( ) .

, . npm uninstall : rm, r un. , :

npm rm lodash express

, .

Workflow npm-

, , workflow JavaScript-. , , .

• :
  
  
  • npm init
    
    ()
  • npm init -y
    
    ( IDE)
• :
  
  
  • npm install <dependency>
  • npm install <dependency-1> <dependency-2>…
  • npm install -D <dev-dependency>…
• :
  
  
  • npm outdated
    
    ( )
  • npm outdated --depth=9999
    
    ( )
  • npm update
    
    ( semver)
  • npm update --depth=9999
    
    ( semver)
  • npm-check
    
    ( )
  • npm-check -u
    
    ( )
• :
  
  
  • npm rm <dependency>

, , . semver .

. , !

→