A arte da tradução, ou por que a "Alice no PaĂ­s das Maravilhas" em inglĂȘs de repente se tornou Anya

"Alice no País das Maravilhas" de Lewis Carroll é um dos contos de fadas mais adorados que crianças e adultos gostam de reler.





Mas, ao mesmo tempo, Ă© tambĂ©m uma das obras mais difĂ­ceis de traduzir para outras lĂ­nguas. O autor generosamente usa metĂĄforas, referĂȘncias e trocadilhos que sĂŁo compreensĂ­veis apenas para os britĂąnicos, explora rimas infantis populares e caracterĂ­sticas culturais. A obra estĂĄ repleta de sutilezas filolĂłgicas, nuances e humor linguĂ­stico. 





O tradutor se depara com a tarefa mais difícil: transmitir toda essa variedade de significados e tornå-la compreensível para um pequeno leitor de língua russa. Até Vladimir Nabokov fez a tradução e, em sua versão, Alice de repente se tornou Anya. Por que isso é feito e qual tradução do conto é considerada canÎnica - hoje estamos falando sobre isso.





TraduçÔes tão diferentes de Carroll

HĂĄ uma opiniĂŁo de que traduçÔes de livros se tornam obsoletas com o tempo e precisam ser atualizadas pelo menos uma vez a cada 50 anos. 





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“Curiouser and curiouser!” cried Alice (she was so much surprised, that for the moment she quite forgot how to speak good English); “now I’m opening out like the largest telescope that ever was! Good-bye, feet!” (for when she looked down at her feet, they seemed to be almost out of sight, they were getting so far off). “Oh, my poor little feet, I wonder who will put on your shoes and stockings for you now, dears? I’m sure I shan’t be able! I shall be a great deal too far off to trouble myself about you: you must manage the best way you can;—but I must be kind to them,” thought Alice, “or perhaps they won’t walk the way I want to go! Let me see: I’ll give them a new pair of boots every Christmas.” 





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«You Are Old, Father William» — XIX «The Old Man's Comforts and How He Gained Them».





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"You are old, Father William," the young man said,





    "And your hair has become very white;





And yet you incessantly stand on your head—





    Do you think, at your age, it is right?"





"In my youth," Father William replied to his son,





    "I feared it might injure the brain;





But now that I'm perfectly sure I have none,





    Why, I do it again and again."





"You are old," said the youth, "as I mentioned before,





    And have grown most uncommonly fat;





Yet you turned a back-somersault in at the door—





    Pray, what is the reason of that?"





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⁠The few locks which are left you are grey;





You are hale, Father William, a hearty old man,





⁠Now tell me the reason I pray.





In the days of my youth, Father William replied,





⁠I remember'd that youth would fly fast,





And abused not my health and my vigour at first





⁠That I never might need them at last.





You are old, Father William, the young man cried,





⁠And pleasures with youth pass away,





And yet you lament not the days that are gone,





⁠Now tell me the reason I pray.





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- ED Words . march2021 ED Words. 01.05.2021.





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