Dividir um aplicativo Android monolítico em módulos não é novo, e essa forma de organizar o código está se tornando mais comum. Já tocamos neste tema na reunião dedicada às melhores práticas de trabalho com módulos entre colegas. Coletamos essa experiência, testamos em nosso projeto e queremos compartilhar as conclusões e conselhos a que chegamos. Portanto, este artigo pode ser útil tanto para quem está pensando na divisão, quanto para quem já começou.

Os desenvolvedores geralmente pensam em usar a multimodularidade para acelerar os tempos de construção. Mas isso não era o mais importante para nós. Além da velocidade de construção, a multimodularidade também oferece uma arquitetura mais rígida e a capacidade de reutilizar recursos entre projetos.

, . , , . Gradle - , Buck Bazel. , 300 .

. . - Android Wear. , .

, Java, , internal. : api + impl. , . .

, , Dagger, . , , . Kotlin, — , .

, , .

, , .

-, . , . . , AppComponent, ( KAPT) . , — , Gradle Android Gradle Plugin, , .

-, . . . , . Kotlin Multiplatform . , .

-, . . , , . , .

( , ) — . Maven-. , .

Git- . - .

: , , , .

:

1. App- — , Feature-.

   
   
   

2. Feature- — , , -. , , - (, UI- , , UI). Feature- API Feature- Core-.
   
   Feature- API , API . internal , API, «» Feature-. , . API Impl , , .
   
   .

   
   
   

3. Core- — , , Feature-. , . Core- . : module-injector.

   
   
   

4. Module-injector — , . , . .

   
   
   

— API Impl Feature-, Feature- . internal- Kotlin.

Example- , App-. ( ) , . .

:

Module-Injector

, . , . , , . , , Dagger ( DI-). , :

interface ComponentHolder<C : BaseAPI, D : BaseDependencies> { 
    fun init(dependencies: D) 
    fun get(): C
    fun reset() 
} 

interface BaseDependencies

interface BaseAPI

. Feature- . ( , ) internal, .

- , , , Kotlin ( 2020-) module-injector. . .

, , — . : , . UI, , — .

Feature- , - , Core-. , :

, API Feature-. Feature-: :feature_purchase_api :feature_purchase_impl. API- , :module-injector. API-.

, . , .

ComponentHolder-:

object PurchaseComponentHolder : ComponentHolder<PurchaseFeatureApi, PurchaseFeatureDependencies> {
    private var purchaseComponentHolder: PurchaseComponent? = null

    override fun init(dependencies: PurchaseFeatureDependencies) {
        if (purchaseComponentHolder == null) {
            synchronized(PurchaseComponentHolder::class.java) {
                if (purchaseComponentHolder == null) {
                    purchaseComponentHolder = PurchaseComponent.initAndGet(dependencies)
                }
            }
        }
    }

    override fun get(): PurchaseFeatureApi {
        checkNotNull(purchaseComponentHolder) { "PurchaseComponent was not initialized!" }
        return purchaseComponentHolder!!
    }

    override fun reset() {
        purchaseComponentHolder = null
    }
}

:

• .
• init(), .
• get(), API .
• reset(), , .

. , .

PurchaseFeatureApi PurchaseFeatureDependencies , .

ComponentHolder Dagger-:

@Component(dependencies = [PurchaseFeatureDependencies::class], modules = [PurchaseModule::class])
@PerFeature
internal abstract class PurchaseComponent : PurchaseFeatureApi {

    companion object {
        fun initAndGet(purchaseFeatureDependencies: PurchaseFeatureDependencies): PurchaseComponent {
            return DaggerPurchaseComponent.builder()
                    .purchaseFeatureDependencies(purchaseFeatureDependencies)
                    .build()
        }
    }
}

initAndGet(), ComponentHolder. , Dagger . DI- .

, app :

@Module
class AppModule {

    @Singleton
    @Provides
    fun provideScannerFeatureDependencies(featurePurchase: PurchaseFeatureApi): ScannerFeatureDependencies {
        return object : ScannerFeatureDependencies {
            override fun dbClient(): DbClient = CoreDbComponent.get().dbClient()
            override fun httpClient(): HttpClient = CoreNetworkComponent.get().httpClient()
            override fun someUtils(): SomeUtils = CoreUtilsComponent.get().someUtils()
            override fun purchaseInteractor(): PurchaseInteractor = featurePurchase.purchaseInteractor()
        }
    }

    //      -   
    @Provides
    fun provideFeatureScanner(dependencies: ScannerFeatureDependencies): ScannerFeatureApi {
        ScannerFeatureComponentHolder.init(dependencies)
        return ScannerFeatureComponentHolder.get()
    }
    ...
}

provideScannerFeatureDependencies() ScannerFeatureDependencies, provideFeatureScanner() ComponentHolder- .

, app- . , . app- , . app- .

, .

, ComponentHolder reset(), . UI, reset() Lifecycle Observer- ( Activity, ):

public override fun onPause() {
   super.onPause()
           ...
   if (isFinishing) {
       AntitheftFeatureComponentHolder.reset()
   }
}

, , . get().

// get()  Feature-:
object PurchaseComponentHolder : ComponentHolder<PurchaseFeatureApi, PurchaseFeatureDependencies> {
    private var purchaseComponentHolder: PurchaseComponent? = null
...
    override fun get(): PurchaseFeatureApi {
        checkNotNull(purchaseComponentHolder) { "PurchaseComponent was not initialized!" }
        return purchaseComponentHolder!!
    }

    override fun reset() {
        purchaseComponentHolder = null
    }
// get()  app-:
//    @Singleton       Provider,  ,   get()  Dagger-
@Provides
   fun provideFeatureScanner(dependencies: ScannerFeatureDependencies): ScannerFeatureApi {
       ScannerFeatureComponentHolder.init(dependencies)
       return ScannerFeatureComponentHolder.get()
   }
}

, DI- app- (, Singleton Dagger). init() , , reset() .

API- — Provider<T> :

class GlobalNavigator @Inject constructor(
       //  Provider    get()                
       private val featureScanner: Provider<ScannerFeatureApi>,
       private val featureAntitheft: Provider<AntitheftFeatureApi>,
       private val context: Context
) : Navigator {
   ...
   featureScanner.get().scannerStarter().start(context) //  
   ...
}

UI

, API , . API , UI-, Activity, , View.

Activity API :

interface AntitheftStarter {
    fun start(context: Context)
}

Activity , Intent:

internal class AntitheftStarterImpl @Inject constructor() : AntitheftStarter {
    override fun start(context: Context) {
        val intent = Intent(context, AntitheftActivity::class.java)
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
        context.startActivity(intent)
    }
}

FragmentManager , API , . : Cicerone, Navigation Component FragmentManager.

, , . , .

Core-ui

UI- , , UI- . UIKit. , Application.

, theme.xml, (, Example-, , ). core-ui , , , . UIKit (api implementation) Feature-, UI. .

Core-strings

, , .

, , , : . . , . .

Core-native

C++-. JNI-, Java-. , SDK. , , ABI. , .

. , , . , , , .

, .